Food irradiation is not a replacement for _____ in GMP.

Food irradiation is a food safety technology that uses ionizing radiation to kill bacteria, parasites, and other pathogens in food. However, it is essential to understand that irradiation does not substitute for effective sanitation practices in Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

Sanitation involves the proper cleaning and sanitizing of equipment, utensils, and food contact surfaces to prevent contamination. While food irradiation can reduce pathogens on food, it cannot remove organic matter or prevent recontamination after treatment. Therefore, maintaining rigorous sanitation protocols is crucial to ensure food safety and prevent contamination at all stages of food processing and preparation.

In contrast, the other options refer to frameworks or practices that are important for food safety management but are not about the direct handling and cleaning of physical surfaces. For example, a cleaning program is part of sanitation, HACCP is a systematic approach to identifying and controlling food safety hazards, and the Food Code offers guidance for food safety regulations. None of these can effectively eliminate pathogens or maintain cleanliness after food has been processed, which highlights the indispensable role of sanitation in food safety.